Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) launched an international organization in 2010 to enhance cooperation and exchanges between urban city governments worldwide with the objective to share e-Government best practices and pursue sustainable urban development based on e-Government.

The World e-Government Organization (WeGO) would play an important role for the whole international community. WeGO attempts to help stakeholders in a number of member cities to successfully adopt e-Government initiatives. It is the hope of this international organization, by providing information services to currently marginalized region in the world and by creating policies that reflect the nuances of each city, that cities are able to better connect with their citizens and overcome the digital divide concerns.

With the creation of WeGO, Metropolitan Governments in developed and developing countries would be better equipped to pursue the goals of systematic information management, transparent administration, citizen participation and communication through the Internet, and provide efficient information service for citizens. Therefore, this report focuses on the collaborated efforts in the creation of a new international organization aimed at achieving digital equity, and at providing the means and tools to accomplish better governance in light of recent technological developments. 

 

 

 

 

 

The WeGO links members to international organizations, including the United Nations and the World Bank, through a wide network of partnerships. WeGO's network also includes leading IT experts and professionals from governments, development agencies, academia, civil society, and the private sector.
 

WeGO organizes joint projects among members.
 

WeGO has been operating the popular WeGO e-Government Training Program for WeGO members since 2011 in Seoul, Korea. Since 2014, WeGO has been expanding its training programs via the WeGO Regional Offices in Chengdu, China, and the Ulyanovsk Region, Russia. Also, the advanced member cities share best practices from other cities’ e-Government systems when they operate meetings or online forums.
 

WeGO communicates with public officials, provides consultation, explores private company sponsorship, and assists cities when they seek funding from international organizations.
 

WeGO provides consulting services in collaboration with IT consultants to help member cities evaluate their current e-Government status and accomplish realistic e-Government strategies.
 

WeGO is first and foremost composed of and governed by its Member Cities and Friendship Members. Cities and local governments automatically become associate Members when they submit their application forms and acquire Full Member-status when their membership application is formally approved by the Executive Committee. The Friendship Member category was implemented in 2014 to allow any regional government association working in e-Government to join WeGO.
 

The General Assembly plays an important role for decision making at the top-level of WeGO and consists of all WeGO members. The Assembly also approves and confirms the important agenda of WeGO.  The major decision making of the Assembly consists of a) amending the WeGO Statutes, b) financial support for projects and programs, c) consultation for cooperative projects among cities, d) election of the President City and the Executive Committee members, e) confirmation of the next host city of the General Assembly, and f) other crucial agendas related with WeGO structure and operation. The WeGO held a regular session of the General Assembly every three years; the third General Assembly of WeGO was held in 2014 in Chengdu, China and the fourth General Assembly will take place in Ulyanovsk Region, Russia in 2017.
 

The President City is selected at the General Assembly. The role of the President City is to administer and represent WeGO. The Vice President Cities, which include the Executive Vice President City, are composed of more than five cities whose general duty is to assist the President. The Vice President Cities are nominated by the Executive Committee and appointed by the President City. The host of the next General Assembly is automatically appointed as the Executive Vice President City, while the President appoints the Vice President Cities by considering equal geographical distribution. The President and Vice Presidents serve a three-year term and can be re-elected or re-appointed, respectively.
 

The role of Executive Committee is to assist the operations of WeGO and support WeGO projects and activities. The Executive Committee consists of twenty or fewer cities, such as the President and Vice President Cities. The committee may call for special meetings instead of the annual regular meetings. Members of the Executive Committee are elected in the General Assembly, and are expected to serve a three-year term with possibility of re-elections.
 

The Secretariat, which is an administrative supporter, has a responsibility for (a) supporting development and revision of the statute, (b) performing research and analysis on relevant topics, (c) designing and implementing WeGO projects and programs, (d) devising an annual plan, making budgets, and closing accounts, (e) managing WeGO members and regional offices and attracting new members and partners, (f) reporting on the financial management of annual membership fees, voluntary donations from members, and any other sources of revenue, (g) providing organizational support for all WeGO meetings, and (h) managing the elections of titled positions and the Executive Committee.
 

The Secretariat, also responsible for implementing WeGO projects, belongs to a regional office of the WeGO. The regional office manages WeGO members in the respective region. The role of regional offices is to (a) support exchanges and collaboration between the WeGO Secretariat and its members within the region, (b) manage members and protect new members within the region, (c) provide a networking and knowledge-sharing platform by organizing regional programs such as training programs, seminars, and conferences on e-Governance, and (d) develop partnership with local organizations, with the final goal of expanding the global network of WeGO.
 
A WeGO Regional Office may be set up in Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, the Middle East, and Oceania. The Regional Offices recently selected by the Executive Committee through a bidding process are the WeGO Asia Regional Office, Chengdu in China and the WeGO Europe Regional Office, Ulyanovsk Region in Russia (Seoul Metropolitan Government, 2014).

 

 

The cities and local governments attending the Inaugural General Assembly of the World e-Government Organization of Cities and Local Governments will all take great advantage of sharing experiences and discussing other matters of interest on the margin of the Assembly.  It is to bridge the digital divide between and among cities worldwide through the exchanges and cooperation in e-Governments, to improve administrative transparency and efficiency by sharing knowledge and practices on e-Government, to enhance the online public services and increase citizens’ online involvement, and to achieve the mutual prosperity by building international network on ICT between and among cities in the world (Seoul Metropolitan Government, 2010b).    

Therefore, the cities and local governments attending the first General Assembly of the WeGO recognize the necessity to lay the foundation for a model of sustainable development to integrate information technology into an entire administration, recognize the Seoul e-Government Declaration adopted on July 8, 2008 at the World e-Government Mayors Forum, accept what is agreed on September 29, 2009 at the World Cities CIO Forum, and wish to preserve the quality of life of city and support sustainable city development through the shared experiences in e-Government practices and by making contributions to the international city community.
 

 
1) Part I of the Statute: General Provisions
The Statute is to provide support for the establishment of foundations related with the structure and operation of WeGO, and to achieve sustainable city development of e-Government by applying legal provisions for each member city.
 
2) Part II of the Statute: Membership
The membership is divided into full member and associate member. Any city wishing to join or withdraw from the Organization shall submit a form to the Secretariat.
 
3) Part III of the Statute: Organizations
As mentioned above, the General Assembly shall be the top-level decision-making body of WeGO and have the power to decide several issues including amendment to the Statute and project expenses. Then, WeGO shall consist of the president city and the vice president city. The Executive Committee of WeGO shall provide the functions of the Organization and support services for the projects. The Secretariat of the Organization shall perform the functions and duties assigned to it by the General Assembly and by the Executive Committee.
 
4) Part IV: Finances
Each member of WeGO shall pay the annual membership fee and the president city shall be in charge of expenses required to operate the regular and special sessions of the General Assembly. Membership fees vary depending on the population of the city/local government and the membership of the country. The International Monetary Fund’s GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity is used to calculate membership fees along with the population of the city. 
 
5) Part V: General Rules
A quorum of WeGO shall consist of more than one-third of the total members, which each full member city shall have one vote.
 
6) Part VI: Miscellaneous Provision
This Statute shall come into force upon approval of the member cities participating in the first General Assembly in 2010.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The WeGO Regional Offices in Asia and Europe have been organizing to provide special training courses for WeGO members. Through this program, WeGO is providing webinars for effective sharing of ICT knowledge worldwide. In order to best meet the requirements of member cities, WeGO has founded the Europe Regional Office in the Ulyanovsk Region (Russia) and created the Asia Regional Office in Chengdu (China). WeGO regional offices’ goals are mainly two-fold - the first goal is to provide educating programs to member cities in their respective areas, which will inform members about best practices, connect leaders with local and international organizations. Second, to increase interests in WeGO membership for those cities and areas that are not yet joining to WeGO networks.
The WeGO Regional Offices in Asia and Europe are established in order to help WeGO member cities access on-demand technical assistance. Through the program, WeGO member citizens able to adopt e-Government plans more easily under the regional system. The technology-heavy focus of WeGO means that members can learn about innovations and receive assistance remotely. Maintaining a physical presence at a number of conferences, WeGO is able to network with local representatives and provide a greater chance for their member cities to succeed with e-Government initiatives.
 

 

 
Asia Regional Office
Since its establishment in 2013, the Asia Regional Office (ARO) of WeGO has conducted two training programs for WeGO members and non-members with respect to ways of e-Government development. The first program in May 2014 introduced attendees to the e-Government programs utilized by Chengdu as well as an adoptable framework for the digital smart city system. The second program in July 2015 invited a larger contingent of WeGO member cities (5 instead of 2) and non-members (a contingent 20, up from 15 in 2014). Information security topics were a major focus of the 2015 program.
 
Europe Regional Office
The Europe Regional Office (ERO) of WeGO was officially opened at the international IT Exbhibition CEBiT in Hannover, Germany in 2014. The ERO annually co-organizes in cooperation with multiple stakeholder large IT conferences, such as Stachka! (“Strike!”) and “Ulcamp”, providing attendees with information concerning the organization and connecting with government and private sector representatives as well as increasing collaboration between IT representatives from Russia and neighboring countries. Webinars are also regularly conducted by the ERO and those held in 2014-2015 focused on how the Ulyanovsk Region has increased the transparency of government in a variety of areas including public utilities and healthcare through its open data policies.
 

The WeGO Awards is an international e-Government competition that culminates with the Awards Ceremony held in conjunction with the WeGO General Assembly. The inaugural WeGO Awards began in 2012, when 47 applications were received; a second Ceremony received 68 applications, while the organization will hold its 3rd ceremony in 2017. More than just an awards ceremony, the WeGO Awards is a testament to WeGO's commitment to finding the best e-Government practices around the world and sharing them with its members. WeGO members and non-member cities wishing to highlight their e-Government achievements on an international scale may join.

 

 

The WeGO Awards aim to encourage outstanding practices of e-Government of municipal governments as well as public organizations and agencies around the world. Through this regular international competition for good evaluation, the WeGO Awards aim to promote the incorporation of ICTs in local governance for the enhancement of government efficiency. Moreover, the ultimate goal is to increase citizens’ access to public sphere and actively share the know-how on creative e-Government adoption strategies.

 

The WeGo Awards are given to outstanding municipalities in terms of e-Government adoption based on five evaluation criteria below (Retrieved from WeGO Awards homepage: http://www.we-gov.org/WeGO_Awards): 

Services
- Projects that improve the quality of administrative services and urban competitiveness by allowing citizens to apply for civil requests online.
 - Projects that promote effectiveness of public services.
 - Projects that provide high quality services to citizens.

Efficiency
- Projects that improve the administrative efficiency by computerizing all the administrative tasks, sharing public information, and promoting comprehensive and real-time management of information and resources.
- Projects that introduce knowledge management to improve administrative efficiency in member cities.

Open City
 - Promote civil participation by opening public information in an active manner.
 - Projects that improve the level of urban openness by promoting civil participation, administrative transparency, and open data.

Urban Management
- Projects that use the latest technologies to build comprehensive urban management systems for security, mobility, convenience, and environment.
- Projects that promote efficient urban management in security, disaster, transport, safety, environment, energy, welfare, and culture.

Digital Divide
- Projects that use technologies to ensure equal access of citizens to information and communication services, regardless of the gap in income level, age, geographic location, and educational attainment. While the prominence of smartphones has provided reliable Internet access to a considerable portion of the populace historically without internet access, the digital divide framework proposes that a lack of experience online has created separation between parts of a city’s populace. Specifically, those that were early adopters of the Internet are able to easily find information about government resources. Citizens that are novice internet users will have a more difficult time locating government tools online. A related concern comes in the experience available between traditional computer users and those solely accessing government websites on a cellular device. There have been considerable advances in the computing ability of smartphones over the last few years, but many phones are unable to render scripting technologies (e.g. Javascript) that are required to submit requests, pay bills, and conduct activities on e-Government services.
- Projects that care for and ensure the easy access of the marginalized citizens to information are eligible for a WeGO Award.

 

Phase 1: Online Application
Individuals and projects wishing to nominate a project for a WeGO Award have to submit a recommendation by the stated deadline. Each project that is submitted for consideration will be checked to determine whether it meets the terms and requirements of the WeGO Awards.

Phase 2: First Round Evaluation
In the stage of first round evaluation, all the proposals are evaluated by the professional judges based on the five criteria of WeGO Awards above. In terms of the measurement, the judges rate from score 1 (lowest) to 10 score (highest) for the criteria respectably.
The five top-rated submissions in each category will be selected to move into the next phase of the evaluation process.

Phase 3: Second Round Evaluation
In addition to the first round evaluation, all the proposals are opened for the awards voting. Then, the top two proposals with the highest number of votes are selected and determined as the winners of the Best and Outstanding e-Government Prize.

 

WeGO specifies further benefits for WeGO Awards on their website as follows (http://www.we-gov.org/WeGO Awards):
 

 
 

In addition to organizing two digital capacity building programs in Seoul and Jeju, and co-organizing the 1st International Forum on Urban Policies for the Sustainable Development Goals in Seoul and facilitating WeGO members’ participation in the IoT-oriented Global City Team Challenge Expo in Washington, DC, WeGO is preparing to carry out a number of important activities. The current future goal of WeGO is to solidify the partnership with the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) by managing sessions on smart city-related topics at the 2nd Asia-Pacific Regional Forum on Sustainable Smart Cities and e-Government in Phuket, Thailand.

WeGO’s future plans are regularly discussed at the “WeGO Executive Committee Meeting”. The meeting is held with 20 WeGO Committee members and stakeholders. In partnership with the World Bank, UCLG ASPAC, UN-Habitat, and UNESCAP, WeGO is planning to actively and substantively participate in Habitat III, the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, which will mark the adoption of the New Urban Agenda, which is pivotal for cities’ and local governments’ development worldwide. Together with its valuable members, the organization will bolster its presence at the global premier smart city event -- the Smart City Expo World Congress -- in Barcelona, Spain in November 2016 by hosting a WeGO Pavilion and joining the main congress sessions. The year of 2017 is another turning point for WeGO. The 4th WeGO General Assembly will be held in Ulyanovsk Region, Russia, where key agenda items relating to WeGO’s organizational management and strategic growth, including the formulation of an updated WeGO Mission and Long-Term Strategic Plan and the creation of a new Corporate Membership Category, are to be discussed and the 3rd WeGO Awards will be highlighted. Apart from that, WeGO will continue running its regular programs, pursuing joint collaboration with the UN, the World Bank, ITU, ADB, and others, providing knowledge-sharing platforms, and conducting a number of research projects. 

WeGO is led by the SMG and pursues the sustainable development through exchange between WeGO member cities and mutual e-Government cooperation among cities around the world since the SMG officially launched in 2010.

 
The City of Seoul announced a master plan to suggest a long term vision for the digital side of Seoul on February 23, 2016. The ultimate direction of the Digital Seoul program is influenced by citizen stakeholders, alongside representatives of interests throughout the world.

One of the major visions is for the city of Seoul to lead the world in implementation of e-Governance institutions and for the Digital Seoul to be utilized as a framework for countries around the world. Seoul city continues to share this excellent digital experience with the world through WeGO.

The positive experience that member cities have with WeGO consistently bolsters Seoul’s global status and leadership. In addition, Seoul entirely supports WeGO to enlarge the exchange of cooperation with internationals organization, with a goal of linking digital technologies and e-Government service provision throughout the world

 

The presence of WeGO has increased the amount of e-Government policies and the overall quality of these policies in and beyond the organization’s membership rolls. A focus on providing consultants on the ground and creating policies that reflect the nuances of each city ensures that cities are able to better connect citizens with the services that they require utilizing methods that address digital divide concerns.
 
 

The policies of the SMG have placed the city at the forefront of e-Government service provision. As a leader in the creation and evaluation of e-Government policies, Seoul holds an unparalleled educational position. A number of these policies, including Seoul’s Big Data-based Administration and Mobile Voting App, can be modified and adopted to the member cities of WeGO. While the influence of WeGO is large amongst cities in the developing world, the organization has not made many inroads amongst cities in the developed world.

The organization experiences a number of barriers to increase enrollment by cities in the developed world, but there are steps that WeGO can take to address these concerns. Increasing the number of regional offices to better cover the developing world (e.g. establishing offices in Africa and Latin America) would provide confidence to WeGO members and non-member cities alike that e-Government policies that are offered by the organization will increase the overall efficiency of service provision in administrator’s own cities.

 

Strengths
The biggest strength of WeGO comes in the maturity of the programs that the organization recommends. The SMG conducted research and evaluated the feasibility of policies, removing options that were not practical. After policies were adopted, SMG has continued to collect data which is available to member cities. Utilizing this data, WeGO member cities are able to address implementation concerns with their own programs in a fashion that the SMG was unable to foresee. The presence of the Asia and Europe Regional Offices allow for member cities to receive targeted assistance that will increase the chance that plans they adopt from the organization will be established successfully in their area.
The technology-heavy focus of WeGO means that members can learn about innovations and receive assistance remotely. Maintaining a physical presence at a number of conferences, WeGO is able to network with local representatives and provide a greater chance for their member cities to succeed with e-Government initiatives.
 
Weaknesses
The availability of smartphones and internet-capable technologies allows a considerable portion of citizens in the developing world to access the internet. While this is a starting point, the mere presence of a connected citizenry does not translate to a government that will readily adopt e-Government solutions.

The political culture of cities impacts the level of e-Government adoption and the progress cities will have in utilizing these technologies. Digital divide concerns may represent a limitation to success utilization of e-Government services by a citizenry, but another importance concern is how individuals conceptualize the process by which services are received. Political culture concerns are particularly relevant at the early stages of e-Government adoption.  

While WeGO invites collaborators to facilitate the adoption of policies similar to those enacted in the SMG by member cities, each city possesses idiosyncrasies. These unique factors (e.g. demographic, structural, and environment concerns) increase the uncertainty that new policies will be as effective when adopted by further cities.

Another issue of concern surrounds the quickly-changing technologies that are utilized in the design, maintenance, and replacing of e-Government services. When adopting technologies on a lagged basis, member cities benefit from a decreased cost in research and development but may suffer in the quality of the services that are provided to citizens if more efficient technologies are adopted in the interim.
WeGO collects exemplary cases of policy models by international organizations, becoming a noticeable example to other municipalities. However, adopting the suggestions of WeGO is of relatively smaller use to more technologically advanced cities as the organization is narrowly focused on undeveloped cities.

For WeGO membership to be perceived as of great import by more developed municipalities, the organization should partner with representatives of highly-developed cities (e.g. New York City, Geneva), which would be able to provide education to members that have e-Government programs implemented to a degree better than Seoul.

While WeGO has opened regional offices in Asia and in Europe, the organization has not established a regional office in Africa. Cities on the African continent have a wide variety of experiences, but with 24 full members of WeGO in Africa, a regional organization in these areas would allow for distinct policies to be established which would fit member cities in the area better than policies created in Chengdu or in the Ulyanovsk region.
 
Opportunities
Increasing the size of WeGO further strengthens the possibility that organizations and program administrators will be able to network. Through the promotion of best practices, WeGO makes it easier for leaders in member cities to find an example that has a better chance of working for their unique set of qualities.

Citizens in member cities may not have the patience or the ability to contribute funds a number of times to an e-Government program, and may be turned off from desiring e-Government services if the resulting program fails to materialize or does not provide benefits to the degree that citizens desire. Through WeGO advisers and the policies that the organization shares, WeGO provides individual members with a greater chance to succeed.

Further expansions to the services that WeGO offers can benefit cities at all stages of development. The organization makes sufficient uses of best policies and traditional online services including newsletters and forums, but greater adoption of Web 2.0 tools for member use will facilitate networking between members. Increasing the frequency and the subject material of webinars will increase the organization’s overall visibility and provide member cities with greater knowledge about new e-Government tools and measurement analytics. Bolstering the number of seminars held remotely would allow a greater number of WeGO members the ability to express their interests.
 
Threats
There are threats that may arise from the provision of assistance and ready-made policies to WeGO cities. By making services more efficient (allowing companies to receive licensure online, decreasing average fuel costs through a shift to online billing), private companies in a WeGO member city may provide services cheaper than those in WeGO member cities that are not as far along in the policy adoption. While the goals of WeGO are to facilitate greater networking among cities, the failure of businesses in member municipalities may lead to greater instability in these cities. As individuals and companies pay taxes to the city government, the reduction in these funds due to the failure of firms can lead to negative externalities.

Cities beset by smaller amounts of revenue may decrease funding to e-Government programs or close them outright. While the importance of e-Government services are undeniable, there is a chance that administrators will maintain funding levels for objectives that have a more tangible component (e.g social welfare, road maintenance, water purification).

The experience of SMG indicates that the government is familiar with improving confidence to international markets, which helps policy-makers in other WeGO member cities decide whether they adopt any of the policies that the SMG proposes.

 

WeGO is an organization that has helped various cities implement e-Government programs since its founding. The attempt of the organization to standardize the process by which city governments move from offline to online service provision allows cities at early stages of development a blueprint by which they can move towards a full complement of e-Government services.

The presence of governance institutions, regional offices and an awards ceremony increases the level of involvement by WeGO member cities and increases the overall visibility of the organization’s activities. The eGovFrame and CeDS technologies offered to WeGO member cities allows for greater collaboration between a city’s leadership and technical advisors, representing a considerably different experience for developing cities when compared to other international organizations, which may offer a top-down program or conditional loans. The work done by WeGO to this point has been generally positive, but the organization must continue to increase its reach to continue to remain successful.

WeGO works with city governments that are looking to adopt e-Government tools or increase the utility of the applications that are active. To further the organization’s stated aims to bolster the prevalence of e-Government service provision through the world, WeGO must work with local organizations to inform local populations about the versatility of e-Government tools. While there is a tendency for cities to have a static website with information concerning licensure and the contact information for mayors and local officials, this represents the furthest that many cities achieve when it comes to providing online services to their citizens.

By establishing programs in cities to educate populations about e-Government and the benefits that these tools can provide, WeGO would do as much for promoting the e-Government cause as the webinars and conferences that the organization offers. Previous WeGO work has focused on those stakeholders that are familiar with e-Government institutions; future work by the organization must increase to those cities and areas that have not conceptualized these tools are essential.

The best practices of the SMG are important to cities that have not successfully implemented e-Government programs to any substantial degree, but are of considerably less value to cities that have progressed further in the functionality of e-Government tools than the SMG.

Along with approaching populations that have not perceived e-Government services as important, WeGO must attempt to bring more developed cities into the fold in the future. The major stumbling block for the organization at this point is making WeGO membership a valuable proposition for developed cities like London, Paris, and New York City. A memorandum of understanding between major cities and WeGO would benefit the organization considerably, as the presence of highly-developed cities in the organization would entice moderately-developed cities to join the organization. With a greater amount of experience in a number of policy areas, a larger WeGO would be better able to provide efficient policies to member cities.
 

 

WeGO must continue to allow stakeholders in member cities the ability to modify and otherwise shape their adoptions of best practices. What worked in Seoul may not work in a WeGO city owing to differences in governance, stakeholders, economic vitality, or a wide number of other factors that are unique to each city. By continuing to involve a city’s representatives at the same level as WeGO technical advisors, the organization increases the chance that the policies that they promote will be successfully implemented. The focus on providing WeGO members with skills (e.g. big data and CeDS education) through webinars and conferences further increases how the organization is perceived by member and non-member cities alike. While the Seoul government has progressed considerably in the adoption of e-Government policies, the orientation of WeGO has been one of equals, all working toward the goal of a better-serviced citizenry. By continuing to stick to this philosophy, WeGO will be able to increase its reach in the years to come.

The WeGO of the next few years must also increase the geographic focus of the organization. The creation of regional offices in China and Russia allow for greater finesse in terms of the policies that are offered to member cities in the area, but the more Asian focus of the organization may be perceived as a negative for cities in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa. Working towards the creation of additional regional offices in the years to come will increase the member rolls of WeGO as well as allowing for more accurate policies to be offered to member cities in each of these regions. Successful implementation of e-Government programs by these member cities will further increase the authority of WeGO. The presence of a greater number of regional offices could lead to policy specializations by each regional unit; one unit may focus on the creation of public health-specific e-Government services, another may work towards the adoption of tools allowing citizens to make complaints against government officials, and a third may be tasked with establishing systems that allow local contractors to read, inquire about, and submit proposals for public works.
 
WeGO is an organization that has generally helped stakeholders in a number of member cities successfully adopt e-Government initiatives. The organization has done a tremendous amount of work in fostering the spirit of collaboration between the public and private sectors, along with establishing connections between individuals in a number of different cities. The organization has a bright future and a number of potential paths to further ensuring that WeGO is able to continue providing technical training and evaluation tools for any city willing to establish, monitor, or replace their e-Government systems. In the near future, WeGO must attempt to increase the involvement of developed cities, educate citizens and government officials in those areas without any e-Government processes, and increase the number of regional offices to better serve stakeholders in regions outside of Asia and Europe. WeGO should continue to focus on the same organizational philosophies that have guided the organization through its early years of existence.