제목배경이미지: 
[Salud y Bienestar] Programa Integrado de Servicios de Enfermería y Atención
Background: Challenges
In such circumstances, when a family member fell ill, people had either to take time off work, quit their jobs or spend approximately KRW 2.4 million on average per month to hire private nurses and caretakers. The prevalence of under-qualified private nurses also increased various health risks for patients, including infection, and there were chronic shortages of nurses and caretakers prepared to handle emergency situations. Constituents everywhere in Korea were therefore greatly interested in addressing this policy issue, as 69 percent of patients in need of nursing had a monthly average household income of less than KRW 2 million, while 85 percent of families caring for ill family members found it difficult to afford private nursing. Interest was especially high among middle-aged couples in their 50s or older, two-person households, and low-income households. In response to the rising social demand for a paradigm shift in nursing and care services, the SMG finally launched the INCSP, trialing it first at the Seoul Medical Center, a public hospital.
Solution & Implementation
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First, the INCSP incorporated nursing and caretaking, formerly thought of as private matters, into the concern of the public health insurance system.
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Second, the INCSP provided universal nursing and care services for all citizens in need.
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Third, the INCSP allowed participating hospitals to select and hire qualified nurses and caretakers, which better ensured the quality of services provided.
Reducing Financial Burden of ill famaly members
The INCSP most importantly alleviated the financial burden borne by family members compelled to care for ill family members. Hiring private nurses and caretakers used to cost KRW 80,000 a day or KRW 2.4 million a month on average. The INCSP, on the other hand, allowed families to receive quality nursing and care services for a flat monthly cost of KRW 450,000. This represented an astounding discount.
Providing Mentally Stability by reinforcing the number of professional nurses and caretakers
The INCSP has also relieved people of worries about possibly being unable to seek and obtain the care services they might need in the future. The elderly and single-person household population in Korea is growing rapidly, while more and more women are joining the workforce. This social trend has left many middle-aged and elderly people worrying that they might be without help, in the absence of a social security system, if they fell ill and became bedridden. With the INCSP, however, caring for the ill has become a societal and public issue rather than a family or private one.
Patients also express great satisfaction with the quality of nursing and care services they have received from the program. The program has reduced the number of patients per nurse from 17 to seven, and it provides professional nurses and caretakers on standby 24/7 to prevent medical accidents and handle emergency situations competently.
The Key Benefits
The INCSP turned nursing and care from a family matter into part of the public healthcare system, thus drastically reducing the financial burden on patients and families, while also ensuring quality nursing and care for all patients hospitalized at five municipal hospitals (the Seoul Medical Center, Dongbu Hospital, Boramae Medical Center, Seonam Hospital, and Bukbu Hospital), with professional nursing staffs on standby 24/7.
Moreover, the INCSP of Seoul successfully induced the national government to introduce its own integrated nursing service program, allowing patients across the whole nation to enjoy similar benefits.
The SMG equipped participating hospitals with medical devices (wheelchairs, special beds, etc.) and facilities (special bathrooms and fitting rooms) to cater to the physically disabled. It also created women-only wards and treatment rooms, all in an effort to ensure equal access for everyone to quality care.
Citizens picked the INCSP as the SMG’s best policy program at the 2013 Hope Seoul Policy Fair, and patients who participated in the satisfaction survey gave the program a high score of 92 percent in 2016.
The Processes of the Policy
Initially, the SMG organized advisory board meetings to discuss and prepare for the PRHP (which became the INCSP later). In January 2013, the Seoul Medical Center became the first hospital in Korea to provide integrated nursing and care services. To ensure the successful establishment of the program, the SMG organized 15 volunteers to assist in the Seoul Medical Center PRHP Support Group.
The scope of the INCSP, which began with 180 beds at the Seoul Medical Center in 2013, rapidly expanded to 380 beds in 2014, 555 beds in 2015, and 687 beds in 2016, with five hospitals participating (the Seoul Medical Center, Seoul Metropolitan Dongbu Hospital, Seoul Boramae Medical Center, Seonam Hospital, and Bukbu Hospital).
In 2013, the SMG provided a total of KRW 3.6 billion to subsidize the program at the Seoul Medical Center, supporting 107 staff members and 180 beds with patients. This undivided attention and support helped the program become a success early on. As of 2016, the SMG had invested a total of KRW 20.948 billion in the program (with KRW 6.051 billion drawn from the national treasury and the remaining KRW 14.897 billion from the city’s budget). The SMG continues to monitor the program, including the number and arrangement of professional caretakers, the number of benefitting patients, and the patients’ satisfaction rates, to ensure its continued success.
It was the successes and lessons of the SMG’s initial PRHP that inspired the MOHW to adopt and implement a similar program nationwide in July 2013. By March 2015, integrated nursing services were included in the National Health Insurance scheme. As of December 2015, the SMG’s PRHP was finally merged with the MOHW’s integrated nursing service program to become today’s INCSP.
By ensuring the success of the PRHP at the Seoul Medical Center, the SMG successfully reduced the social and economic cost of nursing and caring for bedridden patients, in addition to creating new jobs in the public healthcare sector and instigating the early establishment and growth of the INCSP nationwide.
The stakeholders involved in the design of the initiative and in its implementation
※ Advisory Board Membership
- - Academia: Kim Hyeon-jeong (professor at Korea University), Lee Geon-se (professor at Konkuk University), and Yu Seon-ju (research fellow at the Korea Health Industry Development Institute).
- - Labor: Hyeon Jeong-hee (vice-chair of the Korean Public Service and Transport Workers’ Union) and Han Mi-jeong (vice-chair of the Korean Health and Medical Workers Union).
- - NGOs: Ahn Gi-jong (president of the Korea Alliance of Patients’ Organizations), Kim Won-il (bureau head at the Korean Nurses Association), and Choi Gyeong-suk (director at the Korean Nurses Association).
- - Seoul Medical Center: Song Gwan-yeong (head of the Training and Research Department), Lee In-deok (manager of the Ward Nursing Team), and Cho Gyu-seong (manager of the Planning Team).
- - SMG: Kim Chang-bo (officer of the Health Policy), Mo Hyeon-hee (head of the Health Policy Division), and Yun Jae-sam (manager of the Health Policy Team).
Evaluation & Results
The INCSP has transformed the nature of professional nursing and care services from private services procured by individuals into quality public healthcare in public hospitals fulfilling their social missions. The transformation of private nursing and care services into a universal public healthcare system has also significantly reduced the financial burden on individual families, while improving the quality of nursing and care services overall and creating additional jobs for locals. The SMG’s program has also inspired the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) to include integrated nursing and care services run by local governments into the National Health Insurance scheme, thus reducing the financial burden not only for patients and families, but also for local governments across Korea.
In March 2012, the SMG organized discussions with healthcare and welfare experts on the INCSP. The advisory board assembled held three plenary meetings to conduct the systemic and thorough preparations necessary to arrive at an appropriate program.
The program, which started with 180 beds at the Seoul Medical Center in 2013, quickly expanded its scope to 380 beds in 2014, 555 beds in 2015, and 687 beds in 2016, with five hospitals participating (the Seoul Medical Center, Seoul Metropolitan Dongbu Hospital, Seoul Boramae Medical Center, Seonam Hospital, and Bukbu Hospital). The number of patients benefitting from the program has also been increasing rapidly, from 66,368 in 2013 to 122,975 in 2014, 163,811 in 2015, and 187,130 in 2016.
The SMG has made sure that the program spread to other leading hospitals across the nation by sharing the successes and lessons of its program with 137 medical institutions, including Seoul National University Hospital and the Samsung Medical Center, over the past four years.
The most successful outputs of this policy
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(Source: Seoul Metropolitan Government)
The introduction of the INCSP solved the growing dilemma of the need to provide quality nursing and care for patients, on the one hand, and the rapid social changes that made it impossible for families to provide care, on the other. The program brought nursing and care services into the domain of public healthcare. In doing so, it has achieved a fundamental paradigm shift on nursing and care services and the role of public hospitals in Korea. The incremental expansion of the program over the years has also significantly reduced the financial burden on families. Now that the INCSP is paid for, in part, by the National Health Insurance scheme, each family need only pay KRW 450,000 a month, a mere tenth of the cost previously, to ensure quality care for ill family members. The program has also increased the availability of professional nurses and caretakers for patients, dramatically improving the quality of nursing services. Finally, the program induced the national government to amend the Medical Service Act (by newly inserting Paragraph 2 into Article 4, effective as of September 30, 2016) so that patients everywhere in Korea could enjoy the same quality services.
Improving integrity or accountability in public service
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(Source: Seoul Metropolitan Government)
The SMG’s INCSP has been popular with the public since its introduction. It was selected by citizens as the best policy program at the 2013 Hope Seoul Policy Fair, ranked fourth place among the top 10 news issues of 2013, and was covered in major newspapers over 200 times.
The INCSP has significantly alleviated the financial and psychological burdens on families having to look after their ill family members. It has also reduced the number of patients per nurse from 17 to 7, making it possible for nurses to provide quality care on a par with their counterparts in other advanced countries, such as the United States and Japan.
Prior to the introduction of the program, caring for bedridden family members would wreak havoc on family finances due to the high cost of not only medical services, but also the hiring of private nursing care. Often, at least one of the family members would be forced to take time off work or quit their job to dedicate themselves entirely to caring for their ill loved one. The family caregiver, in the process, would sometimes also fall ill. Otherwise, families had to rely on cheaper under-qualified caretakers in whose care patients’ conditions might worsen.
Under the INCSP, by contrast, professional nurses and caretakers perform professional nursing services around the clock—such as administering injections, checking up on and readjusting respiratory aids, changing patients’ dressings, and tending to patients’ bedsores—and help patients with other tasks for personal hygiene, eating, and exercising. Hospital orderlies also assist nurses and caretakers to provide quality care for patients and families alike. All these changes have enhanced the public’s trust in the SMG’s administration.
In May 2016, the National Health Insurance Service designated the Seoul Medical Center as an exemplar of integrated nursing services for other public hospitals and healthcare programs to emulate.
The initiative benefits women, girls and the most vulnerable
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(Source: Seoul Metropolitan Government)
The INCSP-participating hospitals in Seoul provide women-only wards and rooms so that women patients can receive care in a more comfortable and private environment. The program assigns female nurses only to these women patients. The program also provides free nursing and care services for homeless patients, elderly patients without family members, and terminal-stage cancer patients, helping with personal hygiene, bathing, and assisting them to eat.
Expectancy effects: Sustainablity of the Policy
The participating hospitals also regularly survey their patients and families to gauge their satisfaction with the program. Patients and families have given the program a satisfaction score of 92 percent on average. The surveys asked participants about their satisfaction with the quality of services, financial burden, wish to have family members always at the bedside, and opinions on possible improvements. In response to their feedback, the SMG has additionally introduced fall prevention and nurses-on-call systems.
The scope of the INCSP, which began with 180 beds at a single hospital in January 2013, was quickly broadened to 687 beds in five municipal hospitals in Seoul alone by October 2016, and to 15,000 beds at 217 hospitals across the nation in total. Under the MOHW’s plan to expand the program nationwide, 137 leading medical institutions in Korea, including the Seoul National University Hospital, have dispatched delegations to the Seoul Medical Center to learn from its example over the past four years.
As the INCSP is now included in the National Health Insurance scheme, it no longer presents as large a fiscal obstacle to local governments as it used to.
The national government has taken note of the program amid the rising social demand for lowering the cost of medical care and for changing the unique Korean culture of family-dependent nursing because of incidents such as the spread of the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome. The MOHW has amended the Medical Service Act to introduce a nationwide integrated nursing service program of its own (effective as of September 2016), requiring all public hospitals nationwide to participate and provide the personnel and facility-related requirements. The Seoul Medical Center has shared its experience with 137 hospitals as of January 2017, and it remains an example endorsed by the National Health Insurance Service for other hospitals across the nation to follow. The MOHW continues to research estimates on the necessary nursing workforce needed for the program and to update its master plan on developing and increasing adequate workforces in the future. The INCSP has also created new jobs and drastically lowered the cost of nursing for families, from KRW 2.4 million a month to KRW 0.45 million a month.
The INCSP ensures quality nursing and care services for all patients in need irrespective of their social and financial circumstances. The program has reduced the family’s financial burden by KRW 2 million a month, or by a total of KRW 8.5 billion in 2016 at the Seoul Medical Hospital alone. By replacing the under-qualified private nurses and caretakers that families used to hire with competent professional nurses approved by the government, the program has significantly improved the quality of nursing and care services, while minimizing health risks to patients, such as falls and in-hospital infections—risks of bedsores were lowered by 25 percent, falls by 60 percent, and the mishandling of injections by 44 percent. The INCSP, in other words, contributes significantly to health and wellbeing of patients, two of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The program, moreover, has created new and decent jobs, relieved families of the psychological and social burden of caring for their ill family members, and improved working conditions for nurses and caretakers. The Seoul Medical Center’s medical performance has improved by almost 200% since the introduction of the program, and it has gained a strong reputation that continues to brighten the hospital’s future prospects. It has newly hired 2,473 nurses and orderlies, winning the Minister of Employment and Labor’s Award in September 2016 for contributing to the national government’s effort to create jobs. The INCSP has thus played a significant role in contributing to Korea’s economic progress, but, most importantly, it has help make Seoul more of a sustainable community.
Limitations & Need for Improvement
Department / Contact
- International Relations Division, Seoul Metropolitan Government / international@seoul.go.kr
